BACnet (Building Automation and Control Networks)
The AmericanSocietyof Heating, Refrigerationand AirConditioning EngineersInc.(ASHRAE) developed the "BuildingAutomationand Controlnetworks", or BACnet for short, in 1991. This was standardized in 1995 in the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-1995.
The protocol was developed to interoperably network devices and systems in building automation and building management systems. From simple data exchange applications to complex building management infrastructures, BACnet is highly scalable.
MQTT has been officially considered an Internet of Things protocol since 2013 and is specified by the OASIS(Organizationfor the Advancementof StructuredInformationStandards). In 2016, version 3.1.1 was certified as an ISO standard (ISO/IEC 20922:16). Version 5.0 was published in 2019.
CAN bus (Controller Area Network)
To reduce the amount of cabling required for sensors and actuators, Bosch and Intel introduced the Controller Area Network (CAN) in 1986 after 3 years of development.
CAN is the basis for many other very successful protocol variants.
CAN largely follows the ISO/OSI model and has been standardized in ISO11898 since 2003.
CANopen
CANopen was developed in 1993 by the ASPIC research project and from 1994 by the CAN in Automation (CiA) user and manufacturer association. As the name suggests, the communication protocol is based on CAN. CANopen defines the application layer and ensures significantly better cross-manufacturer interoperability through standardization. CANopen supplements the data transmission functions of CAN with additional functions such as Redundancy, functional safety and support for complex network architectures.
M-Bus
The M-Bus was developed in 1992 for remote reading of consumption data (meters) at the University of Paderborn by Prof. Dr. Horst Ziegler in cooperation with Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH and the company Techem GmbH.
Meter-Bus, or M-Bus for short, is a simple and cost-effective technology that is becoming increasingly important in the market for recording consumption data. Especially in connection with inexpensive consumption meters (gas, electricity, heat, water meters) in building management systems.
The M-Bus was first standardized in EN1434 and then defined in the independent EN13757, which also includes the new radio standard for wireless M-Bus communication (EN13757-4).
Modbus
Gould Modicon developed the first programmable logic controller. With the aim of enabling the controllers to communicate efficiently with each other via a serial bus system, they developed Modbus in 1979. It is now one of the oldest and most widely used standards. Modbus is easy and inexpensive to integrate into devices of all kinds. It can therefore be found in a large number of devices, such as sensors, counters, I/O modules, actuators, operating devices, displays, IPCs and in almost every control system.
The Ethernet-based Modbus TCP was included as part of the IEC 61158 standard in 2007.
MQTT
The MQTT message protocol stands for MessageQueuingTelemetryTransportand was invented in 1999 for machine-to-machine communication by IBM employee Andy Stanford-Clark and former Acron employee Arlen Nipper. It was originally developed for monitoring an oil pipeline, which placed special demands on the protocol.
The protocol is suitable for machine-to-machine communication or for Internet of Things applications, as it is designed to send small messages to the largest possible number of devices in a very short time. MQTT enables reliable and efficient communication between a very large number of devices.
MQTT has been officially considered an Internet of Things protocol since 2013 and is specified by the OASIS(Organizationfor the Advancementof StructuredInformationStandards). In 2016, version 3.1.1 was certified as an ISO standard (ISO/IEC 20922:16). Version 5.0 was published in 2019.
OPC UA
OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) is a platform-independent and service-oriented architecture that makes it possible not only to transport machine data, but also to describe it semantically. It represents a uniform standard for data and information exchange. The first version of OPC UA was published in 2006 and a revised version in 2008 as an extension of OPC Classic, which is no longer based on Microsoft DCOM technology. The basic principles behind this new architecture are the provision of simple interfaces, a standardized message format, flexible expansion options and the implementation of high security standards.
Profibus
PROcessFIeldBUS was launched in Germany in 1987 as part of a publicly funded project by companies and institutes. Since 1993, the PROFIBUS-DP (Decentralized Peripherals) version has been designed to enable fast and reliable data transmission between field devices such as PLCs, process control systems, I/O, drives, valves, transmitters and many more. PROFIBUS has been successfully anchored worldwide in the IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 standards. The installed base of PROFIBUS devices is in the tens of millions.
PROFINET
After the first considerations in 2000 by the members of the PROFIBUS user organization regarding a PROFIBUS successor, the first specification for PROcess-FIeld-NETwork (IO) was published in 2003, which is currently widely used. The idea was to combine the advantages of the proven PROFIBUS with the benefits of Industrial EtherNet. The flexibility of the variants and the modularity offer an optimum solution for most applications. PROFINET is standardized in the IEC61158 and IEC61784 standards.
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